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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a wealthy female and male, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of this colony is responsible for egg production for its colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her life.62 In certain species, the abdomen of this queen swells up dramatically to increase fecundity, a feature known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen starts producing reproductive winged alates at a certain period of year, and huge swarms emerge in the colony when nuptial flight begins.
Termites are often compared with all the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in significant differences in life span. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the workers are entirely female. Males (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both workers and the queen) are diploid and grow from fertilised eggs.
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Depending on species, both male and female employees may have different functions in a termite colony.63.
The life span of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult phases.64 Nymphs resemble small adults, and undergo a series of moults as they grow.
The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time period depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, employees must feed thembut workers also take part in the social life of their colony and have certain different activities to accomplish like foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones govern the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of the termites from becoming fertile queens.68.
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Queens of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are capable of a Web Site long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower level of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs.69 The lower degrees of harm seem to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.
Termite alates only leave the colony when a nuptial flight occurs. Alate males and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable spot for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a spot. When they dothey excavate a room big enough for both, close up the entrance and move to partner.70 After mating, the pair never go outdoors and spend the rest of their lives in the nest.
For example, alates in certain species appear during additional hints the daytime in summer while others emerge during winter.71 The nuptial flight might also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around areas with plenty of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, humidity, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also varies, with the bigger species typically having 1001,000 individuals.
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The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early stages of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 per day when the colony is a few years old.53 At maturity, a main queen has a great capacity to lay eggs. In certain species, the mature queen includes a greatly distended abdomen and may produce 40,000 eggs a day.72 The two adult ovaries may have some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to several times more than prior to mating and reduces her ability to move freely; attendant workers provide assistance. .
